Investigating alterations of social interaction in psychiatric disorders with dual interactive eye tracking and virtual faces

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

"Making it explicit" makes a difference: Evidence for a dissociation of spontaneous and intentional level 1 perspective taking in high-functioning autism

This research was supported by Volkswagen Foundation grant “Being addressed as you: Conceptual and empirical investigations of a Second-Person approach to other minds” awarded to LS and BT. LS is also supported by the Koeln Fortune Program of the Medical Faculty, University of Cologne. BT was supported by a European Commission Marie Curie Fellowship FP7-PEOPLE-IEF 237502 “Social Brain.” We thank Dana Samson for providing the stimulus material and Julia Proft and Franka Pieplow for data collection. For helpful comments and suggestions we are also grateful to three anonymous reviewers.Peer reviewedPreprin

Eyes on the mind : investigating the influence of gaze dynamics on the perception of others in real-time social interaction

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was partially supported by a grant of the Köln Fortune Program of the Medical Faculty at the University of Cologne to Leonhard Schilbach and by a grant “Other Minds” of the German Ministry of Research and Education to Kai Vogeley. The authors would like to thank Stephanie Alexius and Leonhard Engels for their assistance in data collection.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Why we interact : on the functional role of the striatum in the subjective experience of social interaction

Acknowledgments We thank Neil Macrae and Axel Cleeremans for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Furthermore, we are grateful to Dorothé Krug and Barbara Elghahwagi for their assistance in data acquisition. This study was supported by a grant of the Köln Fortune Program of the Medical Faculty at the University of Cologne to L.S. and by a grant “Other Minds” of the German Ministry of Research and Education to K.V.Peer reviewedPreprin

Social Agency as a Continuum

This work was supported by the UKRI Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) grant number BB/M010996/1 to Crystal Silver (“Mechanisms of Social Agency”), and by a Carnegie Trust Research Incentive Grant to Bert Timmermans and Ramakrishna Chakravarthi ("Experiencing myself through you: Self-agency in social interaction" - RIG008270)Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Different subjective awareness measures demonstrate the influence of visual identification on perceptual awareness

We compare four subjective awareness measures in the context of a visual identification task and investigate quantitative differences in terms of scale use and correlation with task performance. We also analyse the effect of identification task decisions on subsequent subjective reports. Results show that awareness ratings strongly predict accuracy for all scale types, although the type of awareness measure may influence the reported level of perceptual awareness. Surprisingly, the overall relationship between awareness ratings and performance was weaker when participants rated their awareness before providing identification responses. Furthermore, the Perceptual Awareness Scale was most exhaustive only when used after the identification task, whereas confidence ratings were most exhaustive when used before the identification task. We conclude that the type of subjective measure applied may influence the reports on visual awareness. We also propose that identification task decisions may affect subsequent awareness ratings.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

A Non-Verbal Turing Test: Differentiating Mind from Machine in Gaze-Based Social Interaction

In social interaction, gaze behavior provides important signals that have a significant impact on our perception of others. Previous investigations, however, have relied on paradigms in which participants are passive observers of other persons’ gazes and do not adjust their gaze behavior as is the case in real-life social encounters. We used an interactive eye-tracking paradigm that allows participants to interact with an anthropomorphic virtual character whose gaze behavior is responsive to where the participant looks on the stimulus screen in real time. The character’s gaze reactions were systematically varied along a continuum from a maximal probability of gaze aversion to a maximal probability of gaze-following during brief interactions, thereby varying contingency and congruency of the reactions. We investigated how these variations influenced whether participants believed that the character was controlled by another person (i.e., a confederate) or a computer program. In a series of experiments, the human confederate was either introduced as naïve to the task, cooperative, or competitive. Results demonstrate that the ascription of humanness increases with higher congruency of gaze reactions when participants are interacting with a naïve partner. In contrast, humanness ascription is driven by the degree of contingency irrespective of congruency when the confederate was introduced as cooperative. Conversely, during interaction with a competitive confederate, judgments were neither based on congruency nor on contingency. These results offer important insights into what renders the experience of an interaction truly social: Humans appear to have a default expectation of reciprocation that can be influenced drastically by the presumed disposition of the interactor to either cooperate or compete

Responses improve the accuracy of confidence judgements in memory tasks

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Motor response influences perceptual awareness judgements

Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Michał Wereszczyński for helping with data collection. This work was supported by the National Science Centre, Poland [grant HARMONIA number 2014/14/M/HS6/00911 given to MW].Peer reviewedPostprin

Hoe waarderen Vlamingen onroerend erfgoed? Wat is de sociaal-culturele betekenis ervan?

Er zijn veel waarden verbonden aan erfgoed en die kunnen voor iedereen anders zijn. Het officieel beschermen van erfgoed maakt dat het kan behouden blijven voor toekomstige generaties. Het uitgangspunt bij de selectie van te beschermen plaatsen is dan ook dat ze belangrijk moeten zijn voor de maatschappij en omdat een bepaalde gemeenschap ze belangrijk vindt. Het beleid heeft hierin een cruciale maar zeer complexe rol omdat het rekening moet houden met al deze stemmen. Het agentschap Onroerend erfgoed heeft deze studie gelanceerd om via kwalitatief onderzoek meer inzicht te krijgen in methodes om lokale kennis in te schakelen in erfgoedprocessen. Dit is wat we trachten te bereiken met dit onderzoek: ten rade gaan bij een zo divers mogelijk publiek om te polsen naar hun waardering van erfgoed, en dit zowel vanuit individueel als vanuit een breder maatschappelijk standpunt